Effects of Carica Papaya Leaves and Fermented Fish Waste on the Production Performance of Broiler Chickens
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Poultry feed management requires novel dietary additives to enhance chicken performance and manage feed availability. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Carica papaya leaf meal (CPL) and fermented fish waste (FFW) in water on different growth indicators, such as body weight, carcass yield, feed intake, and conversion rate of Bovans brown male broiler chickens.
Materials and methods: A randomized complete block design with a 2x4 factorial arrangement was used to study the effect of the combination supplementation of the 10% CPL with FW at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Both additives combination treatment was replicated four times with five broiler chicks per replication, a total of 160-day-old male Bovans brown broilers with 39-40g body weight were used in the current study. The duration of the study was 20 days (from the 16th to 35th days of age).
Results: Studies have revealed that CPL negatively impacted the final body weight, whereas FFW positively influenced feed intake, final weight, and weight gain. Moreover, 15% of FFW supplementation resulted in noteworthy increases in drumstick and thigh weights compared to the control group, with significant interactions identified between CPL and FFW for breast, wing, and back weights. However, neither CPL nor FFW had an impact on the weights of edible visceral organs. The palatability of meat quality assessment showed no significant difference among the treatments. Adding CPL and FFW increased weights and profits, with the best rate of intake observed in broilers given the standard diet plus 15% of FFW supplementation.
Conclusion: These results indicated that using CPL and FFW at 10% and 15%, respectively was a financially feasible approach to improve broiler development, carcass quality, and profitability while capitalizing on nutritional advantages and reducing environmental waste.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Chiarelotto M, Restrepo JCPS, Lorin HEF, and Damaceno FM. Composting organic waste from the broiler production chain: A perspective for the circular economy. J Clean Prod. 2021; 329: 129717. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129717
Zhang L, Ren J, and Bai W. A review of poultry waste-to-wealth: Technological progress, modeling and simulation studies, and economic-environmental and social sustainability. Sustainability. 2023; 15(7): 5620. DOI: 10.3390/su15075620
Unigwe C, Okorafor U, Ogbu U, and Nwufoh O. The nutritive profile of sun-dried paw-paw (Carica papaya) leaf meal and its effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens. Int J Pure Appl Sci Technol. 2014; 20(2): 72-78. Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/ document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=6174e2ca2089d7fef9bb828dcb287fe21f581d0d
Sari Y, Erwan E, and Irawati E. Inclusion different level of papaya leaves meal (Carica papaya L.) in pellet ration on performance in broiler chickens. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2020: 2020: 012001. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/515/1/012001
Egenuka F, Okolo B, Okubuike O, Nwokeneme N, and Odoemenam V. Effect of pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) leaf meal on performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Niger J Anim Sci. 2023; 25: 118-126. Available at: https://www.njas.org.ng/index.php/php/article/ download/1180/1037/1022
Banjoko O, Adebayo I, Osho I, Olumide M, Fagbiye O, Ajayi O, and Akinboye O. Evaluation of varying levels of Carica papaya leaf meal on growth, carcass, hematological parameters and its use as anticoccidial for broiler chicken. Niger J Anim Sci. 2020; 22(3): 229-241. Available at: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjas/article/view/202142
Akpolu ES, and Moroye E. Effect of Pawpaw-Carica papaya leaf meal (CPLM) on growth performance of turkey poults. Int J Adv Learn Res. 2023; 2(2): 1-7. Available at: https://rajournals.net/index.php/ ijarl/article/view/153
Taufikurrahman AJ, and Rostini T. Utilization of fermented fish waste as multipurpose feed against the performance of Alabio ducks. Proceeding 4th Bogor International Conference for Applied Science. Indonesia: Unida Press; 2020, p. 145-152. Available at: https://repository.umj.ac.id/5320/2/PROCEEDING%204th%20BICAS%202020.pdf#page=153
Garcés Y, Valencia N, Hoyos J, and Gómez J. Nutritional effect of the chemical silage of fish by-products in broiler (Gallus domesticuset al.) feeding. Cuban J Agric Sci. 2015; 49(4): 503-58. Available at: https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/494
Shabani A, Boldaji F, Dastar B, Ghoorchi T, Zerehdaran S, and Ashayerizadeh A. Evaluation of increasing concentrations of fish waste silage in diets on growth performance, gastrointestinal microbial population, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2021; 275: 114874. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114874
Muhammed M, Domendra D, Muthukumar S, Sakhare P, and Bhaskar N. Effects of fermentatively recovered fish waste lipids on the growth and composition of broiler meat. Br Poult Sci. 2015; 56: 79-87. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.980719
Shabani A, Boldaji F, Dastar B, Ghorchi T, and Zerehdaran S. Effect of fermented fish waste in feeding broiler chickens on gastrointestinal microbial population and blood parameters. Anim Sci J. 2017; 29: 17-30. DOI: 10.22092/asj.2017.109457
Li X, Zheng S, and Wu G. Nutrition and functions of amino acids in fish. In: Wu G, editor. Amino acids in nutrition and health. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Cham: Springer; 2021, p. 133-168. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_8
Adajar RR, and Taer EC. Application of foliar biofertilizers with and without NPK in cultivating white-glutinous corn. Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology. 2021; 2: 105-113. DOI: 10.11594/jaab.02.02.05
Taer AN, and Taer E. Response of broiler to supplementation of human oral rehydration salt during pre-slaughter fasting. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 2019; 10: 17796-17807.
Shabani A, Jazi V, Ashayerizadeh A, and Barekatain R. Inclusion of fish waste silage in broiler diets affects gut microflora, cecal short-chain fatty acids, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, and excreta gas emission. Poultry Science. 2019; 98: 4909-4918. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez244
Abun A, Putra RRO, and Haetami K. Metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention of local chickens fed rations containing fermented catfish waste. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023; 25: 138-148. DOI: 10.30574/gscbps.2023.25.3.0531
Rahman M, Rana M, Monira K, Sultana N, and Hasan M. Effect of papaya leaf extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. Meat Research. 2022; 2. DOI: 10.55002/mr.2.6.40
Singh S, Khare A, Baghel R, Nayak S, Pal RP, Chaurasiya A, and Reddy B. Effect of feeding neem and papaya leaf meal as feed additive on carcass characteristics and economics of broilers. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2021; 10, 2991-3000. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.327
Kiflay S, Temesgen G, and Taye M. Effect of fish offal meal on feed intake, growth performances and carcass characteristics of Hubbard Classic broiler chicken breeds. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences. 2018; 3: 71-86.
Ezenwosu C, Okeke C, and Machebe N. The impact of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaves extract on some biochemical markers, organ and carcass traits of broiler chickens in Nsukka-Nigeria. Asian J Biol Sci. 2022; 2(4): 88-95. Available at: https://www.journalbioscience.com/ index.php/AJORIB/article/view/41
Onu E. Effects of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf meals on hematological and carcass characteristics of broilers. E-proceedings of the Faculty of Agriculture International Conference, 2023. p. 378-382. Available at: https://journals.unizik.edu.ng/faic/article/view/1957
Fennel ZJ, Amorim FT, Deyhle MR, Hafen PS, and Mermier CM. The heat shock connection: skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2022; 323: R133-R148. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00048.2022
Gauthier AG, Wu J, Lin M, Sitapara R, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA et al. The positive allosteric modulation of alpha7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors by GAT107 increases bacterial lung clearance in hyperoxic mice by decreasing oxidative stress in macrophages. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(1): 135. DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010135
Gaya LDG, Ferraz JBS, Rezende F, Mourão GB, Mattos E, Eler JP et al. Heritability and genetic correlation estimates for performance and carcass and body composition traits in a male broiler line. Poult Sci. 2006; 85: 837-843. DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.5.837
Hasanah U, Manurung D, and Desnamrina K. The effect of papaya leaf meal on broiler productivity. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2023. 2023: 012001. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1286/1/012001