_1685003661 20230525083421000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Journal of World’s Poultry Science J. World's Poult. Sci. 2980-7999 03 25 2023 2 1 Mohammad Reza Eftekhari Hasan Abad https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3789-0542 Abolfazl Ghaniei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0341-6987 Poultry coccidiosis is a common and economically significant disease that affects poultry worldwide. Current treatment options for coccidiosis include using chemical agents such as ionophores and antiparasitic such as Metronidazole. However, there is growing interest in alternative treatments, such as herbal medicines, due to concerns about antiparasitic resistance and residues in poultry products. This review article aims to provide an overview of herbal medicines as potential treatments for poultry coccidiosis. The article summarizes the current research on herbal medicines for coccidiosis and highlights the potential benefits and limitations of using herbal medicines as an alternative to conventional treatments. The article explores the effectiveness of various herbal medicines in treating poultry coccidiosis, explaining how they work and presenting research findings on their efficacy. It also addresses challenges related to using herbal medicines, such as establishing standardized doses and conducting clinical trials. The review concludes by summarizing the main points and recommending further research on herbal medicines for poultry coccidiosis. Ultimately, the review underscores the potential of herbal medicines as alternative treatments and emphasizes the importance of continued investigation in this field. 03 25 2023 1 7 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/jwps.v2i1.10 https://jwps.rovedar.com/index.php/JWPS/article/view/10 https://jwps.rovedar.com/index.php/JWPS/article/download/10/15 https://jwps.rovedar.com/index.php/JWPS/article/download/10/15 Lozano J, Anaya A, Palomero Salinero A, Lux Hoppe EG, Gomes L, Paz-Silva A, et al. Gastrointestinal parasites of free-range chickens: A worldwide issue. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Vet Med. 2019; 76(2): 110-117. Available at: https://www.repository.utl.pt/handle/10400.5/21753 McDougald LR, Cervantes HM, Jenkins MC, Hess M, and Beckstead R. Protozoal infections. In: Swayne DE, Boulianne M, Logue CM, McDougald LR, Nair V, Suarez DL, et al., editors. Diseases of poultry. 2020 Nov; p. 1192-1254. DOI: 10.1002/9781119371199.ch28 Blake DP, Knox J, Dehaeck B, Huntington B, Rathinam T, Ravipati V, et al. Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens. Vet Res. 2020 Nov; 51: 115. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-020-00837-2 Chapman H, Jeffers T, and Williams R. Forty years of monensin for the control of coccidiosis in poultry. Poult Sci. 2010 Sep; 89(9): 1788-1801. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00931 Mirzaei A, Razavi SA, Babazadeh D, Laven R, and Saeed M. Roles of probiotics in farm animals: A review. Farm Anim Health Nut, 2022 Sep; 1(1): 17-25. Available at: https://fahn.rovedar.com/index.php/ FAHN/article/view/8 Walsh C, and Fanning S. Antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens-A cause for concern?. Curr Drug Targets. 2008; 9(9): 808-815. DOI: 10.2174/138945008785747761 Sadr S, Ahmadi PS, Kasaei M, Landi MG, Borji H, and Adhami G. Potential of anthelmintic herbal drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes in farm animals: A review. Farm Anim Health Nut. 2022 Sep; 1(1): 26-30. Available at: https://fahn.rovedar.com/index.php/FAHN/article/view/9 Sadr S, Gharib A, Lotfalizadeh N, Hajjafari A, Ahmadi PS, and Borji H. Phytosomes: A promising nanocarrier for enhanced delivery of herbal compounds in cancer therapy. J Lab Anim Res. 2022 Dec; 1(1): 26-32. Available at: https://jlar.rovedar.com/index.php/JLAR/article/view/8 Ghafouri SA, Ghaniei A, Tamannaei AET, Sadr S, Charbgoo A, Ghiassi S, et al. Evaluation of therapeutic effects of an herbal mixture (Echinacea purpurea and Glycyrrhiza glabra) for treatment of clinical coccidiosis in broilers. Vet Med Sci. 2023 Mar; 9(2): 829-836. DOI: 10.1002%2Fvms3.971 Ghaniei A, Ghafouri SA, Sadr S, and Hassanbeigi N. Investigating the preventive effect of herbal medicine (Allium sativum, Artemisia annua, and Quercus infectoria) against coccidiosis in broiler chickens. J World's Poult Res. 2023 Mar; 13(1): 96-102. DOI: 10.36380/jwpr.2023.10 Sadr S, Ghafouri SA, Ghaniei A, Jami Moharreri D, Zeinali M, Qaemifar N, et al. Treatment of avian trichomoniasis by tannin-based herbal mixture (Artemisia annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium Sativum). J World’s Poult Sci. 2022; 1(2): 32-39. Available at: https://jwps.rovedar.com/index.php/JWPS/article/view/6 Muthamilselvan T, Kuo TF, Wu YC, and Yang WC. Herbal remedies for coccidiosis control: A review of plants, compounds, and anticoccidial actions. Evid-based Complement Altern Med: eCAM. 2016 Jun; 2016: 2657981. DOI: 10.1155/2016/2657981 Hartady T, Syamsunarno MRA, Priosoeryanto BP, Jasni S, and Balia RL. Review of herbal medicine works in the avian species. Vet world. 2021 Nov; 14(11): 2889. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2889-2906 Jamil M, Aleem MT, Shaukat A, Khan A, Mohsin M, Rehman TU, et al. Medicinal plants as an alternative to control poultry parasitic diseases. Life. 2022 Mar; 12(3): 449. DOI: 10.3390/life12030449 Madlala T, Okpeku M, and Adeleke MA. Understanding the interactions between Eimeria infection and gut microbiota, towards the control of chicken coccidiosis: A review. Parasite. 2021 Jun; 28: 48. DOI: 10.1051%2Fparasite%2F2021047 Pop LM, Varga E, Coroian M, Nedișan ME, Mircean V, Dumitrache MO, et al. Efficacy of a commercial herbal formula in chicken experimental coccidiosis. Parasit vectors. 2019; 12: 243. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3595-4 Christaki E, Bonos E, Giannenas I, and Florou-Paneri P. Aromatic plants as a source of bioactive compounds. Agriculture. 2012 Sep; 2(3): 228-243. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture2030228 Anthony JP, Fyfe L, and Smith H. Plant active components–a resource for antiparasitic agents? Trends Parasitol. 2005 Oct; 21(10): 462-468. DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2005.08.004 Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska M, and Szczerbińska D. Use of essential oils in broiler chicken production-a review. Ann Anim Sci. 2017 May; 17(2): 317. DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2016-0046 Ahmad Khan MS, and Ahmad I. Herbal medicine: Current trends and future prospects. New Look to Phytomedicine, Chapter 1. 2019. p. 3-13. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814619-4.00001-X Singh R. Medicinal plants: A review. J Plant Sci. 2015 Jan; 3(1-1): 50-55. Available at: https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/html/ 10.11648.j.jps.s.2015030101.18.html Abebe E, and Gugsa G. A review on poultry coccidiosis. Abyssinia J Sci Technol. 2018 May; 3(1): 1-12. Available at: https://abjol.org.et/index.php/ajst/article/view/76 Quiroz-Castañeda RE, and Dantán-González E. Control of avian coccidiosis: Future and present natural alternatives. Biomed Res Int. 2015 Feb; 2015: 430610. DOI: 10.1155/2015/430610 Quiroz-Castañeda RE. Avian coccidiosis, new strategies of treatment. Farm animals diseases, recent omic trends and new strategies of treatment. 2018 Mar. p. 119. Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/books/5543 Giannenas I, Sidiropoulou E, Bonos E, Christaki E, and Florou-Paneri P. The history of herbs, medicinal and aromatic plants, and their extracts: Past, current situation and future perspectives. Feed additives, Chapter 1. 2020. p. 1-18. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814700-9.00001-7 Cragg GM, and Newman DJ. Natural products: A continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2013 Jun; 1830(6): 3670-3695. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.008 Naidoo V, McGaw LJ, Bisschop S, Duncan N, and Eloff JN. The value of plant extracts with antioxidant activity in attenuating coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Vet Parasitol. 2008 May; 153(3-4): 214-219. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.02.013 Shirley M, and Lillehoj H. The long view: A selective review of 40 years of coccidiosis research. Avian Pathol. 2012 Apr; 41(2): 111-121. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.666338 Sharifi-Rad J, Mnayer D, Tabanelli G, Stojanović-Radić Z, Sharifi-Rad M, Yousaf Z, et al. Plants of the genus Allium as antibacterial agents: From tradition to pharmacy. Cell Mol Biol. 2016 Aug; 62(9): 57-68. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27585263/ Bastaki SM, Ojha S, Kalasz H, and Adeghate E. Chemical constituents and medicinal properties of Allium species. Molec cell biochem. 2021 Aug; 476(12): 4301-4321 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04213-2 Lengbiye EM, Mbadiko CM, Falanga CM, Matondo A, Inkoto CL, Ngoyi EM, et al. Antiviral activity, phytochemistry and toxicology of some medically interesting Allium species: A mini review. Int J Pathogen Res. 2020 Dec; 5(4): 64-77. DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2020/v5i430145 Abd-ELrahman SM, Mohamed SAA, Mohamed SE, El-Khadragy MF, Dyab AK, Hamad N, et al. Comparative effect of allicin and alcoholic garlic extract on the morphology and infectivity of Eimeria tenella oocysts in chickens. Animals. 2022 Nov; 12(22): 3185. DOI: 10.3390/ani12223185 Bauri R, Tigga MN, and Kullu SS. A review on use of medicinal plants to control parasites. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. [Formerly Natural Product Radiance (NPR)]. 2015 Dec; 6(4): 268-277. DOI: index.php/IJNPR/article/view/8837 El-Khtam A, Abd El Latif A, and El-Hewaity M. Efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and garlic (Allium sativum) on Eimeria species in broilers. Int J Basic Appl Sci. 2014 Oct; 3(3): 349. DOI: 10.14419/ijbas.v3i3.3142 Arreola R, Quintero-Fabián S, López-Roa RI, Flores-Gutiérrez EO, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Carrera-Quintanar L, et al. Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds. J Immunol Res. 2015 Apr; 2015: 401630. DOI: 10.1155/2015/401630 Kowalczyk A, Przychodna M, Sopata S, Bodalska A, and Fecka I. Thymol and thyme essential oil—new insights into selected therapeutic applications. Molecules. 2020 Sep; 25(18): 4125. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184125 Dauqan EM, and Abdullah A. Medicinal and functional values of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herb. J Appl Biol Biotechnol. 2017 Mar-Apr; 5(2): 17-22. DOI: 10.7324/JABB.2017.50203 Hosseinzadeh S, Jafarikukhdan A, Hosseini A, and Armand R. The application of medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine: A review of Thymus vulgaris. Int J Clin Med. 2015 Sep; 6(09): 635-642. DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2015.69084 Bozkurt M, Giannenas I, Küçükyilmaz K, Christaki E, and Florou-Paneri P. An update on approaches to controlling coccidia in poultry using botanical extracts. Br Poult Sci.2013 Dec; 54(6): 713-727. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.849795 Idris M, Abbas R, Masood S, Rehman T, Farooq U, Babar W, et al. The potential of antioxidant rich essential oils against avian coccidiosis. World's Poult Sci J. 2017 Mar; 73(1): 89-104. DOI: 10.1017/S0043933916000787 Jitviriyanon S, Phanthong P, Lomarat P, Bunyapraphatsara N, Porntrakulpipat S, and Paraksa N. In vitro study of anti-coccidial activity of essential oils from indigenous plants against Eimeria tenella. Vet Parasitol. 2016 Sep; 228: 96-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.08.020 Salehi B, Mishra AP, Shukla I, Sharifi‐Rad M, Contreras MdM, Segura‐Carretero A, et al. Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses. Phytother Res. 2018 Sep; 32(9): 1688-1706. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6109 El-Shall NA, Abd El-Hack ME, Albaqami NM, Khafaga AF, Taha AE, Swelum AA, et al. Phytochemical control of poultry coccidiosis: A review. Poult Sci. 2022 Jan; 101(1): 101542. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101542 Arafa WM, Abolhadid SM, Moawad A, Abdelaty AS, Moawad UK, Shokier KA, et al. Thymol efficacy against coccidiosis in pigeon (Columba livia domestica). Prev Vet Med. 2020 Mar; 176: 104914. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104914 Gholami‐Ahangaran M, Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi A, Azizi S, Basiratpour A, Zokaei M, and Derakhshan M. Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance. Vet Med Sci. 2022 Jan; 8(1): 267-288. DOI: 10.1002/vms3.663 Abu El Ezz N, Aboelsoued D, Hassan S, Abdel Megeed K, and El-Metenawy T. Therapeutic effect of Moringa oleifera and Thymus vulgaris oils against hepatic coccidiosis in experimentally infected rabbits. Trop Biomed. 2020 Dec; 37(4): 1018-1028. DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.1018 Rubió L, Motilva MJ, and Romero MP. Recent advances in biologically active compounds in herbs and spices: A review of the most effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory active principles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nut. 2013; 53(9): 943-953. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.574802 Alloui MN, Agabou A, and Alloui N. Application of herbs and phytogenic feed additives in poultry production-A Review. Glob J Anim Sci Res. 2014 Jun; 2(3): 234-243. Available at: http://archives.gjasr.com/index.php/GJASR/article/view/57/155 Peek H, and Landman W. Coccidiosis in poultry: Anticoccidial products, vaccines and other prevention strategies. Vet Q 2011 Sep; 31(3): 143-161. DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.605247 Mohiti-Asli M, and Ghanaatparast-Rashti M. Dietary oregano essential oil alleviates experimentally induced coccidiosis in broilers. Prev Vet Med. 2015 Jun; 120(2): 195-202. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.03.014 Gordillo Jaramillo FX, Kim DH, Lee SH, Kwon SK, Jha R, and Lee KW. Role of oregano and Citrus species-based essential oil preparation for the control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2021 Apr; 12(1): 47. DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00569-z Tsinas A, Giannenas I, Voidarou C, Tzora A, and Skoufos J. Effects of an oregano based dietary supplement on performance of broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima. J Poult Sci. 2011 Apr; 48(3): 194-200. DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.010123 Alp M, Midilli M, Kocabağlı N, Yılmaz H, Turan N, Gargılı A, et al. The effects of dietary oregano essential oil on live performance, carcass yield, serum immunoglobulin G level, and oocyst count in broilers. J Appl Poult Res. 2012 Sep; 21(3): 630-636. DOI: 10.3382/japr.2012-00551 Betancourt L, Hume M, Rodríguez F, Nisbet D, Sohail MU, and Afanador-Tellez G. Effects of Colombian oregano essential oil (Lippia origanoides Kunth) and Eimeria species on broiler production and cecal microbiota. Poult Sci. 2019 Oct; 98(10): 4777-4786. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez193 Yu M, Jeon JO, Cho HM, Hong JS, Kim YB, Nawarathne SR, et al. Broiler responses to dietary 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and oregano extracts under Eimeria challenge conditions. J Anim Sci Technol. 2021 Nov; 63(6): 1362. DOI: 10.5187%2Fjast.2021.e121 Giannenas I, Florou-Paneri P, Papazahariadou M, Botsoglou N, Christaki E, and Spais A. Effect of diet supplementation with ground oregano on performance of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella. Arch Geflügelk. 2004 Jul; 68(6): 247-252. Available at: https://go.rovedar.com/368 Abbas RZ, Colwell DD, Gilleard J. Botanicals: an alternative approach for the control of avian coccidiosis. World's Poult Sci J. 2012 Jun; 68(2): 203-215. DOI: 10.1017/S0043933912000268 Barbour E, Ayyash D, Iyer A, Harakeh S, and Kumosani T. A review of approaches targeting the replacement of coccidiostat application in poultry production. Braz J Poultry Sci. 2015 Oct-Dec; 17: 405-418. DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1704405-418 Shihab IM, AL-Zuhariy M, Abdullah SM, and Mutar SS. Impact of supplementation Neem powder (Azadirachta indica) to diet broiler in immunological, physiological and productive traits. Adv Environ Biol. 2017 Mar; 11(3): 44-451. Ishaq R, Chand N, Khan RU, Saeed M, Laudadio V, and Tufarelli V. Methanolic extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves mitigates experimentally induced coccidiosis challenge in Japanese quails. J Appl Anim Res. 2022 Aug; 50(1): 498-503. DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2096037 Onyiche TE, Gotep JG, Tanko JT, Ochigbo GO, Ozoani HA, Viyoff VZ, et al. Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extracts ameliorates coccidiosis in broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria oocysts. Sci African. 2021 Jul; 13: e00851. Gotep J, Tanko J, Forcados G, Muraina I, Ozele N, Dogonyaro B, et al. Therapeutic and safety evaluation of combined aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica and Khaya senegalensis in chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria oocysts. J Parasitol Res. 2016 Feb; 2016:4692424. DOI: 10.1155%2F2016%2F4692424 Tipu MA, Pasha T, and Ali Z. Comparative efficacy of salinomycin sodium and neem fruit (Azadirachta indica) as feed additive anticoccidials in broilers. Int J Poult Sci. 2002; 1(4): 91-93. DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2002.91.93 Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel Moneim AE, and Delic D. Protective effect of Azadirachta indica extract against Eimeria papillata-induced coccidiosis. Parasitol Rese. 2013 Jan; 112: 101-106. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3109-1 Roy R, Hasan M, Aziz F, Islam R, and Sarkar S. Comparative study of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) suspension and toltrazuril against coccidiosis in Sonali chicken. Bangladesh J Vet Med. 2019; 17(2): 97-105. DOI: 10.33109/bjvmjd19am1 Biu A, Yusuf S, Rabo J. Use of neem (Azadirachta indica) aqueous extract as a treatment for poultry coccidiosis in Borno State, Nigeria. Afr Sci. 2021 Sep; 7(3): 147-153. Available at: https://publications.africanscientistjournal.org/sites/default/files/2022-11/1289-4831-1-PB.pdf Ramadan R, Youssef F, Mohamed G, Ismail S, El-Bahy M, Abdel-Radi S. Synthesis, characterization and investigation of the anti-coccidial activity of new formulation curcumin-olive oil nano-composite. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2022 Oct; 10(10): 2186-2196. DOI: 10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.8.1781.1786 Tajodini M, Saeedi H, and Moghbeli P. Use of black pepper, cinnamon and turmeric as feed additives in the poultry industry. World's Poult Sci J. 2015; 71(1): 175-183. DOI: 10.1017/S0043933915000148 Yadav S, Teng PY, Dos Santos TS, Gould RL, Craig SW, Fuller AL, et al. The effects of different doses of curcumin compound on growth performance, antioxidant status, and gut health of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria species. Poult Sci. 2020 Nov; 99(11): 5936-5945. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.046 Rajput N, Ali S, Naeem M, Khan M, and Wang T. The effect of dietary supplementation with the natural carotenoids curcumin and lutein on pigmentation, oxidative stability and quality of meat from broiler chickens affected by a coccidiosis challenge. Br Poult Sci. 2014 Aug; 55(4): 501-509. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.925537 Gogoi C, Sarma J, Barua C, Tamuly S, Upadhyaya T, Islam S, et al. Evaluation of nano-curcumin on experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chicks. Int J Chem Stud. 2019 Apr; 7(3): 4514-4520. Available at: https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2019/vol7issue3/PartBV/7-3-496-319.pdf Galli GM, Gerbet RR, Griss LG, Fortuoso BF, Petrolli TG, Boiago MM, et al. Combination of herbal components (curcumin, carvacrol, thymol, cinnamaldehyde) in broiler chicken feed: Impacts on response parameters, performance, fatty acid profiles, meat quality and control of coccidia and bacteria. Microb Pathog. 2020 Feb; 139: 103916. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103916 Fatemi A, Asasi K, and Razavi SM. Anticoccidial effects of Artemisia annua ethanolic extract: Prevention, simultaneous challenge-medication, and treatment. Parasitol Res. 2017 Sep; 116: 2581-2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5567-y Jiao J, Yang Y, Liu M, Li J, Cui Y, Yin S, et al. Artemisinin and Artemisia annua leaves alleviate Eimeria tenella infection by facilitating apoptosis of host cells and suppressing inflammatory response. Vet Parasitol. 2018 Apr; 254: 172-177. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.017 Fatemi A, Razavi SM, Asasi K, and Torabi Goudarzi M. Effects of Artemisia annua extracts on sporulation of Eimeria oocysts. Parasitol Rese. 2015 Mar; 114: 1207-1211. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4304-z Azeez TB, and Lunghar J. Antiinflammatory effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale). Inflamm Natu Prod. 2021: 127-146. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819218-4.00011-0 Lahlou RA, Bounechada M, Mohammedi A, Silva LR, and Alves G. Dietary use of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris as anticoccidial alternatives in poultry. Anim Feed Sci Technol. Jan; 273: 114826. Available at: https://www.x-mol.net/paper/article/1349111312502517760 Islas JF, Acosta E, Zuca G, Delgado-Gallegos JL, Moreno-Treviño MG, Escalante B, et al. An overview of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and its potential impact on health. J Funct Food. 2020 Nov; 74: 104171. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104171 Sarkar S, Singh RP, and Bhattacharya G. Exploring the role of Azadirachta indica (neem) and its active compounds in the regulation of biological pathways: An update on molecular approach. 3 Biotech. 2021 Apr; 11(4): 178. DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02745-4 Calixto JB. The role of natural products in modern drug discovery. An Acad Bras Ciênc. 2019; 91(suppl3): e20190105. DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190105 Heinrich M, Appendino G, Efferth T, Fürst R, Izzo AA, Kayser O, et al. Best practice in research–overcoming common challenges in phytopharmacological research. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Jan; 246: 112230. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112230 Sen S, and Chakraborty R. Revival, modernization and integration of Indian traditional herbal medicine in clinical practice: Importance, challenges and future. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017 Jun; 7(2): 234-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.006 Jamshidi-Kia F, Lorigooini Z, and Amini-Khoei H. Medicinal plants: Past history and future perspective. J HerbMed Pharmacol. 2017; 7(1): 1-7. DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2018.01 Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, et al. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnol Adv. 2015 Dec; 33(8): 1582-1614. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001 David B, Wolfender JL, and Dias DA. The pharmaceutical industry and natural products: Historical status and new trends. Phytochem Rev. 2015 Jun; 14: 299-315. Available at: https://link.springer.com/ article/10.1007/s11101-014-9367-z Hafez HM, and Attia YA. Challenges to the poultry industry: Current perspectives and strategic future after the COVID-19 outbreak. Front Vet Sci. 2020 Aug; 7: 516. DOI: 10.3389%2Ffvets.2020.00516 Withers PJ, Elser JJ, Hilton J, Ohtake H, Schipper WJ, and Van Dijk KC. Greening the global phosphorus cycle: How green chemistry can help achieve planetary P sustainability. Green Chem. 2015 Mar; 17(4): 2087-2099. Available at: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/ articlelanding/2015/gc/c4gc02445a